除了DES,我们还知道有DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)等多种对称加密方式,其实现方式大同小异,这里介绍对称加密的另一个算法——PBE
PBE
PBE——Password-based encryption(基于密码的验证)。其特点在于口令由用户自己掌管,不借助任何物理媒体;采用随机数(这里我们叫做盐)杂凑多重加密等方法保证数据的安全性。是一种简便的加密方式。
通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 java加密技术(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.util.Random;
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- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
- import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
- import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
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- public abstract class PBECoder extends Coder {
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "PBEWITHMD5andDES";
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- public static byte[] initSalt() throws Exception {
- byte[] salt = new byte[8];
- Random random = new Random();
- random.nextBytes(salt);
- return salt;
- }
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- private static Key toKey(char[] key) throws Exception {
- PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key);
- SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
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- return secretKey;
- }
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- public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String pwd, byte[] salt)
- throws Exception {
- char[] password = pwd.toCharArray();
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- Key key = toKey(password);
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- PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
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- return cipher.doFinal(data);
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- }
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- public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String pwd, byte[] salt)
- throws Exception {
- char[] password = pwd.toCharArray();
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- Key key = toKey(password);
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- PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
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- return cipher.doFinal(data);
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- }
- }
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
/**
* PBE安全编码组件
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public abstract class PBECoder extends Coder {
public static final String ALGORITHM = "PBEWITHMD5andDES";
/**
* 盐初始化
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] initSalt() throws Exception {
byte[] salt = new byte[8];
Random random = new Random();
random.nextBytes(salt);
return salt;
}
/**
* 转换密钥<br>
*
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static Key toKey(char[] key) throws Exception {
PBEKeySpec keySpec = new PBEKeySpec(key);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
return secretKey;
}
/**
* 加密
*
* @param data
* 数据
* @param pwd
* 密码
* @param salt
* 盐
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String pwd, byte[] salt)
throws Exception {
char[] password = pwd.toCharArray();
Key key = toKey(password);
PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 解密
*
* @param data
* 数据
* @param pwd
* 密码
* @param salt
* 盐
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String pwd, byte[] salt)
throws Exception {
char[] password = pwd.toCharArray();
Key key = toKey(password);
PBEParameterSpec paramSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 100);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, paramSpec);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
}
再给出一个测试类:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
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- import org.junit.Test;
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- public class PBECoderTest {
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- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- String inputStr = "abc";
- System.err.println("原文: " + inputStr);
- byte[] input = inputStr.getBytes();
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- String pwd = "efg";
- System.err.println("密码: " + pwd);
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- byte[] salt = PBECoder.initSalt();
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- byte[] data = PBECoder.encrypt(input, pwd, salt);
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- System.err.println("加密后: " + PBECoder.encryptBASE64(data));
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- byte[] output = PBECoder.decrypt(data, pwd, salt);
- String outputStr = new String(output);
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- System.err.println("解密后: " + outputStr);
- assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
- }
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- }
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public class PBECoderTest {
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
String inputStr = "abc";
System.err.println("原文: " + inputStr);
byte[] input = inputStr.getBytes();
String pwd = "efg";
System.err.println("密码: " + pwd);
byte[] salt = PBECoder.initSalt();
byte[] data = PBECoder.encrypt(input, pwd, salt);
System.err.println("加密后: " + PBECoder.encryptBASE64(data));
byte[] output = PBECoder.decrypt(data, pwd, salt);
String outputStr = new String(output);
System.err.println("解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
}
控制台输出:
- 原文: abc
- 密码: efg
- 加密后: iCZ0uRtaAhE=
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- 解密后: abc
原文: abc
密码: efg
加密后: iCZ0uRtaAhE=
解密后: abc
后续我们会介绍非对称加密算法,如RSA、DSA、DH、ECC等。