如何在对话框程序中让对话框捕获WM_KEYDOWN消息
作者:孙鑫 日期:
在对话框程序中,我们经常是利用对话框上的子控件进行命令响应来处理一些事件。如果我们想要让对话框(子控件的父窗口)类来响应我们的按键消息,我们可以通过ClassWizard对WM_KEYDOWN消息进行响应,当程序运行后,我们按下键盘上的按键,但对话框不会有任何的反应。这是因为在对话框程序中,某些特定的消息,例如按键消息,它们被Windows内部的对话框过程处理了(即在基类中完成了处理,有兴趣的读者可以查看MFC的源代码),或者被发送给子控件进行处理,所以我们在对话框类中就捕获不到按键的消息了。
既然我们知道了这个处理的过程,我们就可以找到底层处理按键消息的函数,然后在子类中重载它,就可以在对话框程序中处理按键消息了。在MFC中,是利用BOOL ProcessMessageFilter(int
code, LPMSG lpMsg)这个虚函数来过滤或响应菜单和对话框的特定Windows消息。下面我们通过程序给大家演示基于对话框的应用程序对WM_KEYDOWN消息的捕获。
第一步:新建一个工程,选择MFC AppWizard
(exe),工程名为WinSun,点击ok,进入下一步,选择Dialog based,点击Finish。
第二步:在CWinSunApp类上点击右键,选择Add Member
Varialbe,增加一个类型为HWND,变量名m_hwndDlg的public的变量。代码如下:
WinSun.h
class
CWinSunApp : public CWinApp
{
public:
HWND m_hwndDlg;
CWinSunApp();
//
Overrides
//
ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CWinSunApp)
public:
virtual
BOOL InitInstance();
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL
//
Implementation
//{{AFX_MSG(CWinSunApp)
//
NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
// DO NOT EDIT what you see in
these blocks of generated code !
//}}AFX_MSG
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};
第三步:在WinSun.cpp(CWinSunApp类)文件中的InitInstance()函数中添加如下代码:
WinSun.cpp
BOOL
CWinSunApp::InitInstance()
{
AfxEnableControlContainer();
// Standard
initialization
//
If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
// of your final executable, you should
remove from the following
// the specific initialization routines you
do not need.
#ifdef
_AFXDLL
Enable3dControls(); //
Call this when using MFC in a shared DLL
#else
Enable3dControlsStatic(); // Call this when
linking to MFC statically
#endif
CWinSunDlg
dlg;
m_pMainWnd
= &dlg;
int
nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if
(nResponse == IDOK)
{
//
TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with OK
}
else if
(nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
//
TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
// dismissed with Cancel
}
// Since
the dialog has been closed, return FALSE so that we exit the
// application, rather than start the
application's message pump.
m_hwndDlg=NULL;
return
FALSE;
}
第四步:在CWinSunApp类上点击右键,选择Add Virtual
Function,在左边一栏里,选择ProcessMessageFilter,在右边按钮上选择Add and Edit,然后加入以下代码:
WinSun.cpp
BOOL
CWinSunApp::ProcessMessageFilter(int code, LPMSG lpMsg)
{
//
TODO: Add your specialized code here and/or call the base class
if(m_hwndDlg!=NULL)
{
//判断消息,如果消息是从对话框发出的或者其子控件发出的,我们就进行处理。sunxin
if((lpMsg->hwnd==m_hwndDlg)
|| ::IsChild(m_hwndDlg,lpMsg->hwnd))
{
//如果消息是WM_KEYDOWN,我们就弹出一个消息框。sunxin
if(lpMsg->message==WM_KEYDOWN)
{
AfxMessageBox("捕获WM_KEYDOWN消息成功!");
}
}
}
return
CWinApp::ProcessMessageFilter(code, lpMsg);
}
第五步:在WinSunDlg.cpp(CWinSunDlg类)中的OnInitialDialog()函数中加入以下代码:
WinSunDlg.cpp
BOOL CWinSunDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
//
Add "About..." menu item to system menu.
//
IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.
ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX
& 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);
ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX
< 0xF000);
CMenu*
pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);
if
(pSysMenu != NULL)
{
CString
strAboutMenu;
strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);
if
(!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty())
{
pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);
pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING,
IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);
}
}
//
Set the icon for this dialog. The
framework does this automatically
// when the application's main window is
not a dialog
SetIcon(m_hIcon,
TRUE); //
Set big icon
SetIcon(m_hIcon,
FALSE); //
Set small icon
//
TODO: Add extra initialization here
//将对话框的句柄传递到CWinSunApp类中。sunxin
((CWinSunApp*)AfxGetApp())->m_hwndDlg=m_hWnd;
return
TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
}
第六步:在对话框窗口销毁后,将CWinSunApp类中的变量m_hwndDlg置为NULL,为此我们在CWinSunDlg类上点击右键,选择Add Windows
Message Handler,在左边一栏中选择WM_DESTROY,在右边按钮上选择Add and Edit,然后加入以下代码:
WinSunDlg.cpp
void CWinSunDlg::OnDestroy()
{
CDialog::OnDestroy();
//
TODO: Add your message handler code here
((CWinSunApp*)AfxGetApp())->m_hwndDlg=NULL;
}
至此,我们的工作就做完了,现在我们可以按Ctrl+F5运行程序,看到我们想要的结果。当然,如果我们想捕获WM_KEYUP或WM_CHAR消息,也是类似,这就交给读者下来自行完成了。想要浏览更多技术文章,请登录网站:http://www.sunxin.org。